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Capture of Rasht
The Capture of Rasht, also written as Capture of Resht, occurred between December 1722 and late March 1723 amidst the successful spree of campaigns of Peter the Great during the Russo-Persian War (1722-1723). The capture of Rasht brought the Caspian Sea town alongside the rest of Gilan into Russian possession for a decade, until the Treaty of Resht of 1732, when they would be returned.
==Capture and battle==
The war went on swiftly for Peter and his troops. By now, he was in possession of Iranian-ruled Dagestan and had made large inroads into Arran and Shirvan, the latter two territories roughly comprising the modern-day Azerbaijan Republic. Taking further advantage of Tahmasp II's desperate situation,〔 Peter wanted to push deeper into Iran and annex even more territories. Even though the bulk of the army had withdrawn to Astrakhan following the storm of early September 1722 that had destroyed a large number of vessels, the horse epidemic that virtually destroyed the Russian cavalry, and the diseases amongst the soldiers which made the Russians suffer tens of thousands of losses every year during the war, he still ordered for new captures, namely the Caspian Sea provinces of contemporary northern Iran and the rest of modern-day Azerbaijan.〔
In November 1722, he ordered Colonel Shipov to sail for Gilan with two battalion of troops.〔Laurence Lockhart. (''The fall of the Ṣafavī dynasty and the Afghan occupation of Persia'' ) Cambridge University Press, 1958 (originally from the University of Michigan) p 239〕 The vessels of the Caspian Flotilla were under the command of Soimonov.〔 When it was questioned whether two batallions would be sufficient, Peter replied, as quoted by Laurence Lockhart, in characteristic fashion "Why not? Was not Stenka Razin able to maintain himself there with 500 Cossacks? And you have two battalions of regular soldiers and you have doubts!"〔
Although Peter's forces had entered the town already in late 1722, ostensibly to help defend the city,〔 the local Iranian governor had demanded their withdrawal. In February 1723 the governor is known to have assured the Russians that their help was not needed, the Persians being able to protect themselves, and that Russian troops should leave.〔The Russian commander, Colonel Shipov, promised to send away his artillery and equipment first and then to withdraw.〔 However, he failed to keep his promise and thus found himself under siege in the barracks,〔 near Rasht where the battle commenced. Late at night on 28 March 1723, a detachment of Russian troops krept through the Persian lines. The Russians attacked from two directions, taking the Iranians by surprise.〔 As the Persians fled, the Russians pursued, killing about,〔 or over,〔1,000 men.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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